Study Materials – by Paul Brians

Lecture 17: Early India

Note: This study guide is presented here as a historical document only. Paul Brians is retired and his courses are no longer offered by WSU.

(Duiker 40-47, 51; Brians 142-145)

Questions about Duiker: *What were the traditional five major castes and what were their functions? *What disadvantages were there in being an untouchable? Why did the caste system survive for so many centuries? *Describe the roles of women in ancient India.

Questions about The Arthashastra: What is one way in which Kautilya advises the king to spy on his subjects? *What practical argument does Kautilya offer the king for supporting poor farmers (“cultivators”)? *In what ways did caste affect the way slaves were to be treated?

Lecture topics:

  • Arians and Dravidians
  • Historical background
  • Caste system
  • Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Sudras
  • Hinduism
  • Major values
  • The Vedas
  • Chandragupta Maurya and Kautalya’s Arthashastra
  • The Guptas
  • Greek influence

Chart for today’s lecture:

General outline of Indian history:

Time PeriodHistorical Events
c. 3000-1500 BCE:Indus civilization
c. 1500-500 BCE:Aryan invasions
c. 500 BCE-CE 647Age of empires
647-1206Hindu principalities and Muslim (Turkic) incursions
c. 712Arab conquest of Sind (present.day SE Pakistan)
1206-1526Delhi sultanate
1526-1707The Great Mughals

Supplementary materials:

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